ABSTRACT
A serous membrane covering the liver and the hepatic parenchyma, consists of hepatocytes, arteries, veins, hepatic sinusoids and biliary ductuli. There are erythrocytes, thrombocytes, melanin particles and Kupffer cell in the hepatic sinusoids and the blood vessels. The gall bladder wall consists of a mucous layer a muscle layer and a serous layer. The bottom of the epithelium abounds with round or oval secretory. In liver, immunohistochemistry results show that AQP1 have intense reaction in hepatic lobule, Kupffer cells (Macrophagocytus stellatus), hepatocytes, portal tract, blood islands, vein and artery, but almost no reaction of AQP2 was detected. In gallbladder, mucous epithelium, endothelial cells from vein and artery all have strong AQP1 expression, AQP2 showed minor diffused positive reaction in gallbladder, which suggesting that AQP1 may have the main role in the absorption and transportation of fluid in hepatobiliary system of Qinghai Lizard.
Una membrana serosa cubre el hígado y el parénquima hepático el cual está formado por hepatocitos, arterias, venas, sinusoides hepáticos y conductos biliares. Se encuentran eritrocitos, trombocitos, partículas de melanina y células de Kupffer en los sinusoides hepáticos y en los vasos sanguíneos. La pared de la vesícula biliar presenta tres capas: mucosa, muscular y serosa. En el hígado, la inmunohistoquímica mostró que AQP1 tiene una reacción intensa en el lóbulo hepático, células de Kupffer, hepatocitos, tracto portal e islotes sanguíneos. En venas y arterias, no se detectó reacción alguna de AQP2. En la vesícula biliar, el epitelio mucoso, las células endoteliales venosas y arteriales tuvieron una importante expresión de AQP1, sin embargo, AQP2 mostró una reacción positiva difusa menor, lo que sugiere que la AQP1 podría tener una función principal en la absorción y transporte de líquido en el sistema hepatobiliar del Lagarto Qinghai.
Subject(s)
Animals , Aquaporins/metabolism , Gallbladder/metabolism , Liver/metabolism , Lizards , Immunohistochemistry , Aquaporin 1/metabolism , Aquaporin 2/metabolism , Gallbladder/ultrastructure , Liver/ultrastructureABSTRACT
Background: It is known that some nutrients play an important role in the development of cholelithiasis. Cholesterol is carried by micelles and vesicles in the bile. During the first stage of gallstone formation, cholesterol crystals derive from thermodynamically unstable vesicles. Aim: To determine the effect of a high fat diet on blood lipids and bile composition, and its implication in the formation of gallstones. Material and Methods: Two groups of 15 BALB/c mice each, coming from the same litter, were treated with a control or with a high-fat diet (64% fat and 0.14% cholesterol). After two months, the animals were sacrificed, blood and bile samples were obtained. Serum glucose and the corresponding lipid profiles were measured. In bile samples, cholesterol and phospholipid levels were analyzed, and cholesterol transporters (vesicles and micelles) were separated by gel filtration chromatography. Results: Treated animals showed an 87% increase in serum total cholesterol (p < 0.01), a 97% increase in HDL-cholesterol (p < 0.05) and a 140% increase in LDL-cholesterol (p < 0.05). No changes in serum triglycerides or glucose were observed. In bile, a 13% increase in biliary cholesterol (p < 0.05) was observed but no change in biliary phospholipids. Also, an increase in biliary vesicular transporters and an increase of cholesterol/phospholipid ratio in vesicular transporters were observed. Conclusions: A high fat diet may contribute to the formation of gallstones in our experimental model.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Dietary Fats/metabolism , Gallstones/etiology , Gallstones/metabolism , Cholesterol/metabolism , Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects , Phospholipids/metabolism , Bile/chemistry , Biological Transport , Dietary Fats/analysis , Cholesterol/analysis , Prospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Models, Animal , Gallbladder/metabolism , Mice, Inbred BALB CABSTRACT
BACKGROUND/AIM: In this paper we present a histological and histochemical study about the metaplastic changes in the gallbladder, and discussed the participation of the antral metaplasia in the genesis of gallbladder cancer. METHODS: We collected 43 pieces of colecistectomy whit antral metaplasia, intestinal metaplasia and displasia. Presence of mucins were demonstrated by the alcian blue stain to ph 3 and ph 0.5 ph. RESULTS: We found sulphated and not sulphated acid mucins. In all of the forms of antral metaplasia. The not freguent finding coas an intense staining of intracitoplasmie mucins in metaplastic cells. We alsa detected small globular deposits in isolated cells of surface epithelium. CONCLUSIONS: This finding seems to associate antral metaplasia with intestinal metaplasia, at least in the mucins production. Antral metaplasia could be one of the first steps involved in the sequence displasia-cancer in the gallbladder.
Objetivos: En este trabajo realizamos un estudio histológico e histoquímico de los cambios metaplásicos en la vesícula biliar, y discutimos la participación de la metaplasia antral en la secuencia displasia-cáncer. Materiales y métodos: Estudiamos 43 piezas de colecistectomía que en el examen histológico mostraron metaplasia antral, metaplasia intestinal y displasia. La presencia de mucinas fue establecida por la técnica de Alcian Blue a pH 3 y a ph 0,5. Resultados: Encontramos mucinas ácidas sulfatadas y no sulfatadas en todas las formas de metaplasia de tipo antral. El hallazgo más frecuente fue la marcación intensa y difusa de las mucinas intracitoplasmáticas en las células metaplásicas. Se apreciaron además pequeños depósitos globulares de mucinas en células aisladas del epitelio de superficie. Conclusión: La presencia de mucinas ácidas permite asociar a la metaplasia antral con la metaplasia intestinal, en cuanto, al menos, a la producción de mucinas. Pensamos que la metaplasia antral podría ser uno de los primeros eslabones en la secuencia displasia- cáncer de la vesícula biliar.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Mucins/analysis , Gastric Mucosa/pathology , Intestinal Mucosa/pathology , Gallbladder/pathology , Pyloric Antrum/metabolism , Pyloric Antrum/pathology , Histocytochemistry , Metaplasia/metabolism , Metaplasia/pathology , Mucins , Gastric Mucosa/metabolism , Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism , Gallbladder/metabolism , Severity of Illness IndexABSTRACT
Whole body iodine-131 scan is a well-established imaging method for the detection of metastatic or residual tumor sites in patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancer. Many false-positive iodine-131 scan findings mimicking metastatic thyroid cancer have long been reported. The authors describe a false positive uptake in normal gallbladder on post-ablative iodine-131 scan in a patient with papillary thyroid cancer. This finding should be considered to be another possible false-positive finding on iodine-131 whole body scan.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Carcinoma, Papillary/pathology , False Positive Reactions , Gallbladder/metabolism , Iodine Radioisotopes , Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology , Whole-Body CountingABSTRACT
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Gallbladder (GB) mucin is one of the key factors in the gallstone formation. However, there is little information about the diversity of mucin secretion according to the stone composition. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) functions in proliferation including mucin secreting goblet cell hyperplasia. We compared the expressions of MUC3, MUC5AC, MUC6 and EGFR in the GB epithelium with cholesterol gallstones (GB-chol) group and pigment gallstones (GB-pig group). METHODS: GBs from elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy for the gallstone disease were studied. Stone composition was analyzed by the spectrophotometer. Immunohistochemical stain was performed using each monoclonal antibody. The percentage of stained proportion was scored by the NIH image program and the results were compared between both groups. RESULTS: Total 20 patients were enrolled (10 patients with cholesterol gallstones, 10 patients with pigment gallstones). The percentages of stained proportion for MUC3, MUC5AC, and MUC6 were 42+/-27%, 31+/-15%, and 17+/-9%, respectively in GB-chol group and 32+/-22%, 33+/-23%, and 15+/-10%, respectively in GB-pig group (p>0.05). The expression of EGFR was 50% (5/10) in the GB-chol group and 80% (8/10) in the GB-pig group respectively. CONCLUSIONS: There was no difference in the expressions of MUC3, MUC5AC, and MUC6 between the two groups. Further studies are needed to elucidate the role of EGFR in the gallstore formation.
Subject(s)
Humans , Bile Pigments/analysis , Cholelithiasis/chemistry , Cholesterol/analysis , Epithelium/metabolism , Gallbladder/metabolism , Immunohistochemistry , Mucin 5AC , Mucin-3 , Mucin-6 , Mucins/analysis , ErbB Receptors/analysisABSTRACT
CONTEXT: The relevance of colorectal adenocarcinoma lies in its high incidence, with the liver being the organ most frequently affected by distant metastases. Liver metastases occur in 40 to 50 percent of patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma, accounting for approximately 80 percent of deaths in the first three postoperative years. Nevertheless, despite this, they are occasionally susceptible to curative treatment. OBJECTIVE: The present investigation focused on the relationship between the level of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in gallbladder bile and the presence of liver metastases secondary to colorectal adenocarcinoma. DESIGN: Diagnostic test study. SETTING: Surgical Gastroenterology Discipline at the Säo Paulo Hospital, Säo Paulo, Brazil. SAMPLE: Forty-five patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma were studied, 30 without liver metastases (group I), and 15 with liver metastases (group II). Diagnosis of liver metastases was made through computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography during arterial portography. Samples of peripheral blood, portal system blood, and gallbladder bile were collected from patients during the surgical procedure. A control group composed of 18 organ donors underwent the same material collection procedures...
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology , Adenocarcinoma/secondary , Carcinoembryonic Antigen/analysis , Gallbladder/chemistry , Liver Neoplasms/diagnosis , Liver Neoplasms/secondary , Adenocarcinoma/blood , Case-Control Studies , Gallbladder/metabolism , Liver Neoplasms/blood , Neoplasm Metastasis/diagnosisABSTRACT
This study was designed to investigate the effect of cholestyramine on the formation of pigment gallstones in high carbohydrate diet-fed hamsters and whether that effect occurred because of cholecystokinin action. Forty seven hamsters were divided into three groups: group I(n = 16) was fed on normal rodent chow(43% carbohydrate), group II(n = 14) was fed on a high CHO diet(65% carbohydrate), group III(n = 17) was fed on a high CHO diet containing 4% cholestyramine. Gallstones developed in 0% of group I, 42.9% of group II and 5.9% of group III(P 0.05). In gallbladder bile analysis, there was also no significant difference between group II and group III in cholesterol, phospholipid, total calcium, total bilirubin and bile acid levels. In conclusion, cholestyramine decreases the frequency of pigment gallstone formation in high CHO diet-fed hamsters, but it is not clear whether the mechanism of cholestyramine decreasing the gallstone formation is due to the action of cholecystokinin.
Subject(s)
Female , Male , Animals , Bilirubin/metabolism , Cholecystokinin/analysis , Cholelithiasis/pathology , Cholesterol/metabolism , Cholestyramine Resin/administration & dosage , Dietary Carbohydrates/administration & dosage , Gallbladder/metabolism , Cricetinae , Mesocricetus , Organ Size , Pancreas/physiopathology , Phospholipids/metabolism , PigmentationABSTRACT
Hay controversias sobre si el agua atraviesa la vía paracelular en epitelios de baja resistencia (por ejemplo, vesícula biliar). El objetivo de este trabajo es por tanto, estudiar una posible correlación entre el flujo de absorción de volumen (Jv) y la penetración del ión La3+ usando fluidos de diferentes osmolalidades, lo cual permite variar Jv. Vesículas biliares de cobayo se perfundieron in vitro a pH y temperatura fisiológicos con fluidos oxigenados a dos osmolalidades: 300 mOsm/Kg (isosmótico) y 100 mOsm/Kg (hiposmótico) que contenían dos concentraciones de La3+1 y 10mM para cada osmolalidad y se prepararon para estudios de microscopía electrónica de transmisión. Después se procedió a evaluar el grado de pentración del La3+ cuantificando el número de uniones penetradas por el marcador y la longitud de su recorrido dentro del espacio intercelular (en *m), el trayecto se midió comenzando en el borde apical y en dirección latero-basal. Jv se duplica en la condición hiposmótica y en las micrografías se aprecia mayor grado de penetración del La3+ por las vías paracelulares en las vesículas con mayor flujo de volumen. Hay ausencia de precipitados de La3+ en el citoplasma, el cual está satisfactoriamente preservado, aun a 100 mOsm/Kg, lo que muestra que la integridad de la membrana plasmática se mantiene. Esto indica que la penetración del La3+ varía con Jv. Los resultados obtenidos constituyen una evidencia para afirmar que la penetración de La3+ varía con Jv y que una fracción de este último se cumple a través de las vías paracelulares
Subject(s)
Guinea Pigs , Male , Gallbladder/ultrastructure , Lanthanum/pharmacology , Water/metabolism , Absorption , Epithelium/physiology , Extracellular Space/physiology , Gallbladder/drug effects , Gallbladder/metabolism , Microscopy, Electron , Water/physiologyABSTRACT
Numerososa autores han postulado que el mucus presente en la luz de la vesícula biliar sería un factor de importancia en al patogenia de los cálculos biliares. Nuestro trabajo intenta correlacionar la presencia de cálculos con las variaciones citoquímicas que experimenta el epitelio vesicular, pretendiendo lograr alguna información sobre el epitelio biliar alterado y litogénesis. Los estudios realizados indican la presencia de mucosustancias cuya composición difiere en las distintas estucturas celulares de la pared de la vesícula biliar litiásica cuando se compara con vesículas normales. Se pudo determinar que si bien en as vesículas litiásicas se encuentran tanto glicoproteínas como glicosaminglicanos, existe un evidente predominio de glicosaminglicanos ácidos especialmente sulfatados, lo que demuestra que las alteraciones celulares que acompañan a la litiasis implican un cambio de las características citoquímicas de las mucosustancias de las células y secreciones vesiculares